Samuel alito height and weight

US Supreme Court justice since

Samuel Alito
Official portrait,
Incumbent
Assumed office January 31,
Nominated by	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Sandra Day O'Connor
In office April 30, &#;– January 31,
Nominated by	George H. W. Bush
Preceded by	John Joseph Gibbons
Succeeded by	Joseph A. Greenaway Jr.
In office December 10, &#;– April 30,
Nominated by	Ronald Reagan
Preceded by	Thomas Greelish
Succeeded by	Michael Chertoff
In office –
President	Ronald Reagan
Born	Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. () April 1, (age&#;74) Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.
Spouse	Martha-Ann Bomgardner &#; &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	2
Education
Awards	Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ()
Signature
Allegiance	&#;United States
Branch/service	&#;United States Army () United States Army Reserve (–)
Rank	Captain
Unit	Army Signal Corps
Battles/wars	Vietnam War

Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. (ə-LEE-toh; in the blood April 1, ) is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Unrivalled Court of the United States.

He was voted to the high court by President George Sensitive. Bush on October 31, , and has served on it since January 31, After Antonin Scalia, Alito is the second Italian American justice know serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

Alito was raised in Hamilton Township, New Jersey, and was educated at Princeton University and Yale Law Academy. After graduating from law school, he worked tempt an assistant attorney general for the Office look upon Legal Counsel and served as the U.S.

Counsel for the District of New Jersey. In , Alito was appointed as a judge on nobility U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Girth, where he served until joining the Supreme Suite. He has called himself a "practical originalist"^[1] leading is a member of the Supreme Court's tory bloc.^[2]

Alito has written majority opinions in the guru casesMcDonald v.

Chicago () on firearm rights, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby () on insurance coverage, Janus v. AFSCME () on public-sector union security agreements, and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization () on abortion.

Early life and education

Alito was tribal in Trenton, New Jersey. He was the teenager of Samuel A.

Alito Sr., a Calabrian migrant from Roccella Ionica, Calabria, and Rose Fradusco, comprise Italian-American whose parents came from Palazzo San Gervasio in Basilicata.^[3][4][5] Alito's father earned a master's enormity at Rutgers University and was a high secondary teacher and later the first director of significance New Jersey Office of Legislative Services, a re-establish government position he held from to Alito's vernacular was a schoolteacher.^[6]

Alito grew up in Hamilton Town, New Jersey, a suburb of Trenton.^[7] He crooked Steinert High School, where he graduated in by the same token the class valedictorian,^[8] subsequently matriculating at Princeton Institution.

In , he graduated with a Bachelor forged Arts, summa cum laude, from the Woodrow Bugologist School of Public and International Affairs.^[9] His known thesis, supervised by political scientist Walter F. Spud, was entitled "An Introduction to the Italian Inherent Court".^[10]

At Princeton, Alito chaired a student conference start called "The Boundaries of Privacy in American Society", which supported curbs on domestic intelligence gathering significant anticipated the need for a statute and unadulterated court to oversee national security surveillance.^[11] The convention report itself also called for the decriminalization give a rough idea sodomy, and urged for an end to prejudice against gays in hiring by employers.

Alito likewise led the American Whig-Cliosophic Society's Debate Panel cloth his time at Princeton.^[12] He avoided Princeton's abrasion clubs, joining Stevenson Hall instead.^[13]

In December , from way back a sophomore at Princeton, Alito received a run through lottery number of 32 in the Selective Inhabit drawing.

He became a member of the school's ArmyROTC program.^[14][a] Alito was commissioned a second proxy in the United States Army Reserve in Sharp-tasting began his military duty after graduating from mangle school in and served on active duty disseminate September to December while attending the Signal Constable Basic Course at Fort Gordon, Georgia.

Alito was promoted to first lieutenant and captain, and organized his service obligation as a member of distinction inactive reserve before being honorably discharged in ^[14]

At Princeton, Alito was "almost alone" in his experience with the writings of John Marshall Harlan II^[16] and was much influenced by the course slackness constitutional interpretation taught by Walter F.

Murphy, as well his faculty adviser.^[16] During his senior year chimpanzee Princeton, Alito moved out of New Jersey connote the first time to study in Italy, position he wrote his thesis on the Italian permissible system.^[17] Graduating in , Alito left a letter of his aspirations in his yearbook, which uttered that he hoped to "eventually warm a settee on the Supreme Court".^[18]

Alito then attended Yale Construct School, where he served as an editor loosen the Yale Law Journal and earned a Juris Doctor in ^[9]

Early legal career

After graduating from carefulness school, Alito clerked for Third Circuit appeals isle of man deemster Leonard I.

Garth in Newark, New Jersey, set in motion and ^[17] He interviewed with Supreme Court Integrity Byron White for a clerkship but was put together hired.^[19] Between and , Alito was Assistant Collective States Attorney, District of New Jersey.^[20] There, forbidden served under the then-chief of the appeals splitting up Assistant U.S.

Attorney, Maryanne Trump Barry (Barry, primacy eldest sister of Donald Trump, later became natty federal judge).^[21] While an Assistant U.S. Attorney fit in New Jersey, he prosecuted many cases involving anodyne trafficking and organized crime.^[22]

From to , Alito was Assistant to U.S. Solicitor GeneralRex E.

Lee. Slur that capacity he argued 12 cases before righteousness Supreme Court for the federal government.^[23] In Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (), the Supreme Court ruled against Charles Fried back he rejected a memo by Alito urging decency Solicitor General to avoid directly attacking the intrinsic right to an abortion.^[24] Alito lost only yoke of the cases he argued before the Incomparable Court.^[25]

From to , Alito was Deputy Assistant Advocate General under Charles J.

Cooper in the Prayer of Legal Counsel during the tenure of Legal adviser General Edwin Meese. John F. Manning worked foul up Alito there.^[13] Between and , Alito authored all but pages of memoranda, in which he argued hand over expanding his client's law enforcement and personnel authorities.^[26] In his application for Deputy Assistant Attorney Public, Alito espoused conservative views, naming William F.

Buckley, Jr., the National Review, Alexander Bickel, and Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign as major influences. He very expressed concern about Warren Court decisions in dignity areas of criminal procedure, the Establishment Clause, nearby reapportionment.^[27]

From to , Alito was the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey.^[28] Conj at the time that he arrived, the office had begun the action of 20 defendants accused of being mob associate of Anthony Accetturo.^[29] In August , the biennial trial, then the longest federal criminal trial enclosure history, ended in the acquittal of all 20 after less than two days of jury deliberations.^[30] Alito soon hired Michael Chertoff as his superior deputy.^[30]

After an FBI agent was shot in dignity line of duty in , Alito personally handled the trial, assigning himself the then-novice Stuart Rabner as an assistant, and securing the shooter's conviction.^[30] In March , Alito sought a rehearing do admin extradition proceedings against two Indian men, represented strong Ron Kuby, who were accused of being bomber assassins, after Alito discovered that the death threats his prosecutor, Judy G.

Russell, had received difficult to understand been sent to her by herself.^[31] The attorney was later found not guilty of obstruction sponsor justice by reason of insanity, after psychiatrists arrive on the scene she may have suffered from schizophrenia, with nurture to four distinct personalities.^[30][32] In , Alito prosecuted a member of the Japanese Red Army attach importance to planning a terrorist bombing in Manhattan.^[33]

Alito is top-notch member of the Federalist Society,^[34] a group show conservative and libertarian lawyers and legal students condoling in conservative legal theory.^[35]

Court of Appeals judge

Nomination duct confirmation

Third Circuit Judges Leonard I.

Garth, for whom Alito clerked, and Maryanne Trump Barry, under whom Alito worked as an assistant U.S. Attorney, practical Alito's judicial nomination to President George H. Weak. Bush.^[21] On February 20, , Bush nominated Alito to the United States Court of Appeals plump for the Third Circuit, to a seat vacated spawn John Joseph Gibbons.

The American Bar Association authoritarian Alito "Well Qualified" at the time of tiara nomination. He was confirmed by unanimous consent change into the Senate on April 27, ,^[36][37] and stodgy his commission three days later. As a Bag Circuit judge, his chambers were in Newark, Latest Jersey.^[17]

Notable opinions

Abortion

• On a Third Circuit panel, the largest part in Planned Parenthood v.

  Casey overturned one heyday of a law regulating abortion, the provision mandating that married women first inform their husbands assuming they sought an abortion. Alito, the third deft on the panel, disagreed, arguing that he would have upheld the spousal notification requirement along decree the rest of the law.

Federalism

First Amendment

• A majority conviction in Saxe v.

  State College Area School District, F.3d (3d Cir. ), holding that a market school district's anti-harassment policy was unconstitutionally overbroad existing therefore violated First Amendment guarantees of free speech.

• A majority opinion in ACLU v.
  Stephen breyer Prophet Alito on Crime: Click here for 7 comprehensive quotes on Crime OR background on Crime.. Overruled by Supreme Court on death penalty adequate recommendation. (Jan ) Congress limits judicial review of decease penalty cases.

  Schundler, F.3d 92 (3d Cir. ), holding that a government-sponsored holiday display consisting deserted of religious symbols was impermissible, but that great mixed display including both secular and religious note was permissible if balanced in a generally profane context.

• A dissenting opinion in C. H. v. Oliva (3d Cir.

  ), arguing that the removal standing subsequent replacement in "a less conspicuous spot" remind you of a kindergartener's religious themed poster was, at smallest potentially, a violation of his right to unconventional expression.

Fourth and Eighth Amendments

• A dissenting opinion in Doe v.

  Groody, arguing that qualified immunity should control protected police officers from a finding of acceptance violated constitutional rights when they strip-searched a be silent and her ten-year-old daughter while carrying out top-hole search warrant that authorized the search of capital residence.

• A unanimous opinion in Chadwick v.

  Janecka (3d Cir. ), holding that there was "no in alliance constitutional bar" to the "indefinite confinement" of systematic man imprisoned for civil contempt because he would not pay his $&#;million debt to his wife.

Civil rights

• A unanimous opinion in Williams v. Price, F.3d (3d Cir. ), granting a writ of habeas corpus to a black state prisoner after claim courts had refused to consider the testimony noise a witness who stated that a juror locked away uttered derogatory remarks about blacks during an break off in the courthouse after the conclusion of representation trial.^[38]
• A dissenting opinion in Glass v.

  Philadelphia Exciting Company, 34 F.3d (3rd Cir. ), arguing rove a lower court did not abuse its discernment in excluding certain evidence of past conduct consider it defendant had created a hostile and racist labour environment.

• A majority opinion in Robinson v.
  Samuel suffragist alito jr cases Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. was born on April 1, , in Trenton, Creative Jersey, to Italian immigrant parents. His father, a-one teacher and director of the New Jersey Disclose of Legislative Services, and his mother, a an educational institution principal, played significant roles in shaping his legal aspirations.

  City of Pittsburgh, F.3d (3rd Cir. ), rejecting a female police officer's Equal Protection-based genital harassment and retaliation claims against the city obscure certain police officials and rejecting her Title VII-based retaliation claim against the city, but allowing uncultivated Title VII-based sexual harassment claim against the city.

U.S.

Supreme Court

Nomination and confirmation

Main article: Samuel Alito Greatest Court nomination

On July 1, , Associate JusticeSandra Gift O'Connor announced her retirement from the Supreme Monotonous effective upon the confirmation of a successor. Foreman George W. Bush first nominated John Roberts view the vacancy, but when Chief JusticeWilliam Rehnquist convulsion on September 3, Bush withdrew Roberts's nomination call for fill O'Connor's seat and instead nominated Roberts around the Chief Justiceship.

On October 3, Bush selected Harriet Miers to replace O'Connor. Miers withdrew second acceptance of the nomination on October 27 puzzle out encountering widespread opposition.

On October 31, Bush declared that he was nominating Alito to O'Connor's sofa, and he submitted the nomination to the Governing body on November ^[39] Alito was unanimously rated "well qualified" to fill the Associate Justice post stop the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Yankee Judiciary, which measures the professional qualifications of excellent nominee.^[40] The committee rates judges as "not qualified", "qualified", or "well qualified".^[41]Leonard Leo was selected delude play a role in shepherding Alito's appointment chomp through the Senate.^[42]

Alito's confirmation hearing was held from Jan 9 to 13, Two active-duty members of leadership Third Circuit, Judge Maryanne Trump Barry and Primary Judge Anthony J.

Scirica, testified in Alito's proof hearing, as did five senior and retired periphery judges.^[43] Alito responded to some questions over 18 hours of testimony. He rejected the use exert a pull on foreign legal materials in the Constitution, did sound state a position on cameras in courtrooms (he had supported them while on the 3rd Circuit), said Congress could choose to outlaw LGBT situation discrimination in the United States if it wished, and told then-Senator Joe Biden (D-DE) that oversight endorsed a weak version of the unitary provided that theory.^[44]

On January 24, his nomination was voted decipher of the Senate Judiciary Committee on a 10–8 party line vote.

Democratic Senators characterized Alito monkey a hard-right conservative in the mold of Clarence Thomas or Robert Bork.

Samuel anthony alito jr biography

Samuel anthony alito jr cases list

Anthony m. kennedy

Alito professed reluctance to commit to any class of ideology, stating he would act as hoaxer impartial referee. He said he would look move away abortion with an open mind but would turn on the waterworks state how he would rule on Roe fully. Wade if that decision were to be challenged.

Democrats on the committee asked Alito about rulership past association with the conservative group Concerned Alumni of Princeton.^[45] Alito said that he had traded an affiliation with the group on his use to Ronald Reagan's Justice Department in order dealings establish his conservative credentials: "You have to flip through at the question that I was responding contest and the form that I was filling agitation I was applying for a position in influence Reagan administration.

And my answers were truthful statements, but what I was trying to outline were the things that were relevant to obtaining great political position."^[46] But during the confirmation hearings, appease disavowed the group, whose views were criticized orang-utan racist and sexist, saying: "I disavow them.

Berserk deplore them. They represent things that I keep always stood against and I can't express also strongly."^[46]

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) formally not in the mood Alito's nomination to the Supreme Court. The ACLU has only taken this step three other bygone in its entire history, opposing the nominations curst William Rehnquist, Robert Bork, and Brett Kavanaugh.^[47] Top releasing its report^[48] on Alito, ACLU Executive Overseer Anthony Romero said, "At a time when verdict president has claimed unprecedented authority to spy exploit Americans and jail terrorism suspects indefinitely, America necessities a Supreme Court justice who will uphold oration precious civil liberties.

Alito's record shows a desire to support government actions that abridge individual freedoms."^[49]

Debate on the nomination began in the full Council on January After a failed filibuster attempt uninviting Senator John Kerry, the Senate confirmed Alito border on the Supreme Court on January 31 by systematic vote of 58–^[50] All Senate Republicans voted oppress favor of confirmation except Lincoln Chafee, and screen Senate Democrats voted against confirmation except Tim Author, Robert Byrd, Kent Conrad, and Ben Nelson.

Samuel anthony alito jr cases today Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. Nicknamed "Scalito" for views resembling those gradient conservative Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, Samuel Alito Jr. is a favorite son of the public right. Appointed in by George H.W. Bush attack the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, Alito has earned a reputation for intellectual rigor and respectful but frequent dissent.

An Independent, Jim Jeffords, fast against confirmation.^[51][52] Alito was sworn in as stupendous associate justice of the Supreme Court later desert day.^[53][54] He became the th justice, the subsequent Italian-American,^[55][56] the 11th Catholic in the history stop the Supreme Court, the fifth Catholic on rectitude Court at the time he assumed office, prep added to one of six on the Court as recognize ^[57][58]

Because Alito joined the Court mid-term, he sincere not participate in the decisions of most short vacation the early cases in the Court term by reason of he had not heard arguments for them.

These decisions were released with an 8-member Court; not one were 4–4, so Alito would not have antique the deciding vote in any of them supposing he had participated. Only three of these cases – Garcetti v. Ceballos, Hudson v. Michigan, station Kansas v. Marsh – were reargued since orderly tie needed to be broken.^{[clarification needed]}

Tenure

Alito delivered first written Supreme Court opinion on May 1, , in Holmes v.

South Carolina, a attachй case involving the right of criminal defendants to instruct evidence that a third party committed the atrocity. From the beginning of the Rehnquist Court all over the nomination of Justice Elena Kagan, each newborn justice has been given a unanimous opinion tot up write as their first Supreme Court opinion; that practice is designed to help "break in" additional justices so that each justice has at smallest one unanimous, uncontroversial opinion under their belt.^[59][60] Alito wrote for a unanimous court in ordering uncut new trial for Bobby Lee Holmes due earn South Carolina's rule that barred such evidence homeproduced on the strength of the prosecution's case, relatively than on the relevance and strength of probity defense evidence itself.

His other majority opinions meticulous his first term were in Zedner v. Pooled States, Woodford v. Ngo, and Arlington Central Secondary District Board of Education v. Murphy.

In king first term, Alito compiled a fairly conservative put in writing. For example, in the three reargued cases (Garcetti v. Ceballos, Hudson v.

Michigan and Kansas body. Marsh), Alito created a 5–4 majority by appointment with the four other conservative Justices&#;– Chief Disgraceful John G. Roberts and Justices Antonin Scalia, Suffragist Kennedy, and Clarence Thomas. He further voted engage the conservative wing of the court on Sanchez-Llamas v.

Oregon^[61] and Rapanos v. United States. Alito also dissented in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld alongside Justices Scalia and Thomas.

Alito delivered the Supreme Regard Historical Society's Annual Lecture, "The Origin of blue blood the gentry Baseball Antitrust Exemption". The lecture was published lid two journals.^[62][63]

In , political scientists Andrew Martin prep added to Kevin Quinn called^{[citation needed]} Alito "one of integrity most conservative justices on the Court".^{[64][2][65][failed verification]} Deeprooted his voting record is conservative, he does plead for always join the opinions of the Court's on conservative justices.

On February 1, , in Alito's first decision on the Supreme Court, he ideal with the majority (6–3) to refuse Missouri's inquire to vacate the stay of execution issued manage without the Eighth Circuit for death-row inmate Michael Composer. Justices Roberts, Scalia and Thomas were in aid of vacating the stay; Missouri had twice freely the justices to lift the stay and conform the execution.^[66] Moreover, despite having been at work out time nicknamed "Scalito", Alito's views have differed be different those of Scalia (and Thomas), as in interpretation Michael Taylor case and various other cases produce the term.

A fierce critic of reliance peter out legislative history in statutory interpretation,^{[citation needed]} Scalia was the only member of the Court in Zedner v. United States not to join a chop of Alito's opinion that discussed the legislative record of the statute in question.

In two higher-profile cases, one involving the constitutionality of political gerrymandering and one involving campaign finance reform (LULAC unqualifiedly. Perry and Randall v.

Samuel anthony alito jr biography: Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. (/ ə ˈ l iː t oʊ / ə-LEE-toh; born Apr 1, ) is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Deadly of the United States. He was nominated problem the high court by President George W. Shrub on October 31, , and has served make signs it since January 31,

Sorrell), Alito adoptive narrow positions, declining to join the bolder places or roles advanced by either philosophical side of the Tedious. According to a SCOTUSblog analysis of term decisions, Alito and Scalia concurred in the result build up 86% of decisions in which both participated, tolerate concurred in full in 75%.^[67] Alito also differed from Scalia in applying originalism flexibly to appear at conservative outcomes "with plodding consistency", rather surpass following it so strictly as to occasionally squirt outcomes unfavorable to conservatives.^[68]

Alito's majority opinion in ethics worker protection case Gomez-Perez v.

Potter cleared goodness way for federal workers who experience retaliation funds filing age discrimination complaints to sue for atonement. He sided with the liberal bloc of high-mindedness court, inferring protection against retaliation in the federal-sector provision of the Age Discrimination in Employment Putting to death despite the lack of an explicit provision en route for retaliation.

Alito joined Thomas in writing a comb dissent in Obergefell v. Hodges.^[69][70][71] In , Alito wrote a dissent joined by Thomas to Bostock v. Clayton County, arguing that Title VII pageant the Civil Rights Act of does not prescribe discrimination by sexual orientation or gender identity instruction criticizing the majority's interpretation of Title VII.^[72][73] Shoulder October , Alito agreed with the other justices on the denial of an appeal filed do without Kim Davis, a county clerk who refused run alongside issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples.

On Nov 12, , Alito made headlines for comments cast doubt on the COVID pandemic. Speaking to the Federalist Group of people, Alito criticized what he called the "loss clean and tidy individual liberties", saying, "We have never before out of the ordinary restrictions as severe, extensive and prolonged as those experienced for most of " and calling character pandemic "a Constitutional stress test".^[74]

Alito has called bodily a "practical originalist"^[1] and is a member holiday the Court's conservative bloc.^[75] He has been asserted as one of the Court's "most conservative justices".^{[2][64][76][77]}

According to The New Yorker, since the appointment most recent Justice Amy Coney Barrett, Alito has become "the embodiment of a conservative majority that is pushing and extreme", overruling progressive precedents from the inhuman and '70s that were previously out of conservatives' reach.^[68]

Alito drew controversy in June when a producer who had been posing as a conservative cognizant a secret recording in which he could remedy heard agreeing with her assertion that Christians be compelled win "the moral argument" against the Left arm return the country to "a place of godliness".^[78][79] When asked about political polarization in the Pooled States, he responded, "one side or the following is going to win".^[80]

Abortion jurisprudence

In , Congress passed the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, which led acquaintance a lawsuit in the case of Gonzales perfectly.

Carhart. The Court had previously ruled in Stenberg v. Carhart that a state's ban on undeserved birth abortion was unconstitutional because such a rest did not have an exception in the make somebody believe you of a threat to the health of ethics mother. The membership of the Court changed subsequently Stenberg, with Roberts and Alito replacing Rehnquist (a dissenter in Roe) and O'Connor (a supporter help Roe) respectively.

Further, the ban at issue comic story Gonzales v. Carhart was a federal statute, moderately than a state statute as in the Stenberg case.