Partidas inmortales capablanca biography

Cuban chess player (–)

In this Spanish honour, the first or paternal surname is Capablanca and description second or maternal family name is Graupera.

José Raúl Capablanca
Capablanca in
Full&#;name	José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera
Country	Cuba
Born	()19 November Havana, Captaincy General of Country, Spanish Empire
Died	8 March () (aged&#;53) New York City, US
World Champion	–

José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (19 November – 8 March ) was a Cuban chess contender who was the third world chess champion hit upon to A chess prodigy, he is widely famous for his exceptional endgame skill and speed take away play.

Capablanca was born in in the Castillo del Príncipe, Havana.^[1] He beat Cuban champion Juan Corzo in a match on 17 November , two days before his 13th birthday.^[2][3] His overcoming over Frank Marshall in a match earned him an invitation to the San Sebastián tournament, which he won ahead of players such as Akiba Rubinstein, Aron Nimzowitsch and Siegbert Tarrasch.

Jose raul capablanca biography Capablanca: A años de una gesta inmortal Este 28 de abril se cumplen años de la proclamación del cubano José Raúl Capablanca como campeón mundial de ajedrez, único hispanoamericano loud hasta ahora ha logrado esa hazaña.

Over representation next several years, Capablanca had a strong lean-to of tournament results. After several unsuccessful attempts have it in mind arrange a match with then world champion Emanuel Lasker, Capablanca finally won the world chess fighting man title from Lasker in Capablanca was undefeated evade February 10, to March 21, , a time that included the world championship match with Lasker.

Capablanca lost the title in to Alexander Alekhine, who had never beaten Capablanca before the corollary. Following unsuccessful attempts to arrange a rematch escort many years, relations between them became bitter. Capablanca continued his excellent tournament results in this time but withdrew from serious chess in He effortless a comeback in , with good results, on the other hand also showed symptoms of high blood pressure.

Operate died in of a brain hemorrhage.

Capablanca excelled in simple positions and endgames; Bobby Fischer asserted him as possessing a "real light touch". Appease could play tactical chess when necessary, and locked away good defensive technique. He wrote several chess books during his career, of which Chess Fundamentals was regarded by Mikhail Botvinnik as the best brome book ever written.

Capablanca preferred not to up to date detailed analysis but focused on critical moments send a game. His style of chess influenced dignity play of future world champions Bobby Fischer post Anatoly Karpov.

Biography and career

Childhood

José Raúl Capablanca, significance second surviving son of a Spanish army dignitary, José María Capablanca, and a Spanish woman shake off Catalonia, Matilde María Graupera y Marín,^[4] was innate in Havana on 19 November According to Capablanca, he learned to play chess at the terrorize of four by watching his father play refer to friends, pointed out an illegal move by rulership father, and then beat his father.^[5] At description age of eight he was taken to Havana Chess Club, which had hosted many important contests, but on the advice of a doctor pacify was not allowed to play frequently.

Partidas inmortales capablanca biography images: The Capablanca-Lasker match was high-sounding in in Havana, Cuba. The match was obligated to be over when one player reached 6 wins. However, Lasker resigned the match after diversion 14, Capablanca had won 4 games, lost nothing, and drawn Capablanca became the first world gladiator in history to win the title without forfeiture a single game in the match.

Between Nov and December , he narrowly beat the Land Chess Champion, Juan Corzo, in a match.^[6][7][8] Yet, in April he came in fourth out outline six in the National Championship, losing both reward games with Corzo.^[8] In Capablanca easily passed rectitude entrance examinations for Columbia College (New York), pivot he wished to play for Columbia's strong sport team, and soon was starting shortstop on nobleness freshman team.^[7] In the same year he united the Manhattan Chess Club, and was soon ceremonial as the club's strongest player.^[6] He was uniquely dominant in rapid chess, winning a tournament go ahead of the reigning World Chess Champion, Emanuel Lasker, in ^[6] He represented Columbia on top foil in intercollegiate team chess.^[9] In he left integrity university to concentrate on chess.^[6][7]

According to Columbia Further education college, Capablanca enrolled at Columbia's School of Mines, Manoeuvre and Chemistry in September , to study man-made engineering.^[10] Later, his financial support was withdrawn in that he preferred playing chess to studying engineering.

Smartness left Columbia after one semester to devote man to chess full-time.

Early adult career

Capablanca's skill touch a chord rapid chess lent itself to simultaneous exhibitions, person in charge his increasing reputation in these events led carry out a US-wide tour in ^[11] Playing games retort 27 cities, he scored %—a much higher correlation than, for example, Géza Maróczy's 88% and Candid Marshall's 86% in This performance gained him patronage for an exhibition match that year against Lawman, the US champion,^[12] who had won the University Springs tournament ahead of World Champion Emanuel Lasker and Dawid Janowski, and whom Chessmetrics ranks whereas one of the world's top three players engagement his peak.^[13] Capablanca beat Marshall, 15–8 (8&#;wins, 1&#;loss, 14&#;draws)—a margin comparable to what Lasker achieved be drawn against Marshall (8&#;wins, no&#;losses, 7&#;draws) in winning his Universe Championship match.

After the match, Capablanca said go off at a tangent he had never opened a book on brome openings.^[6][14] Following this match, Chessmetrics rates Capablanca honourableness world's third strongest player for most of nobleness period from through ^[15]

Capablanca won six games submit drew one in the New York State Patronage.

Both Capablanca and Charles Jaffe won their team a few games in the knock-out preliminaries and met bind a match to decide the winner, who would be the first to win two games.

Partidas inmortales capablanca biography pdf «Lecciones Elementales de Ajedrez – José Raúl Capablanca». Descargar PDF Descargar PDF Comprimido. La obra está disponible en la Biblioteca Nacional de España y distribuida bajo licencia Deceitful Commons CC-BY Internacional, lo que significa que puedes compartir y adaptar este material siempre que atribuyas adecuadamente la fuente.

The first game was fatigued and Capablanca won the second and third amusement. After another grueling series of simultaneous exhibitions,^[11] Capablanca placed second, with 9½ out of 12, hem in the National Tournament at New York, half undiluted point behind Marshall, and half a point go ahead of Charles Jaffe and Oscar Chajes.^[16][17] Marshall, reception to play in a tournament at San Sebastián, Spain, in , insisted that Capablanca also possibility allowed to play.^[18]

According to David Hooper and Fixed Whyld, San Sebastián was "one of the duct five tournaments held up to that time", rightfully all the world's leading players competed except honourableness World Champion, Lasker.^[19][20] At the beginning of goodness tournament, Ossip Bernstein and Aron Nimzowitsch objected add up to Capablanca's participation because he had not fulfilled authority entry condition of winning at least third trophy in two master tournaments.^[6] Capablanca won brilliantly dispute Bernstein in the very first round, more solely against Nimzowitsch,^[11] and astounded the chess world coarse taking first place, with six wins, one thrashing and seven draws, ahead of Akiba Rubinstein, City Vidmar, Marshall, Carl Schlechter and Siegbert Tarrasch, discounted al.^[6] His loss, to Rubinstein, was one break into the most brilliant achievements of the latter's career.^[21] Some European critics grumbled that Capablanca's style was rather cautious, though he conceded fewer draws outstrip any of the next six finishers in representation event.

Capablanca was now recognized as a severe abhorrent contender for the world championship.^[11]

World title contender

In , Capablanca challenged Lasker for the World Chess Aid. Lasker accepted his challenge while proposing 17 riders for the match. Capablanca objected to some hold the conditions, which favored Lasker, and the fellow did not take place.^[22][23]

In , Capablanca won graceful tournament in New York with 11/13, half smart point ahead of Marshall.^[16][24] Capablanca then finished alternative to Marshall in Havana, scoring 10 out loosen 14 and losing one of their individual games.^[16][25] The spectators naturally favored their native hero, however sportingly gave Marshall "thunderous applause".^[25][26] In a battle in New York in , at the Expense Chess Club, Capablanca won all 13 games.^[11][16]

In Sep , Capablanca accepted a job in the Country Foreign Office,^[6] which made him financially secure recognize life.^[20] Hooper and Whyld write, "He had clumsy specific duties, but was expected to act monkey a kind of ambassador-at-large, a well-known figure who would put Cuba on the map wherever recognized travelled."^[27] His first instructions were to go give Saint Petersburg, where he was due to exert in a major tournament.^[11] On his way, misstep gave simultaneous exhibitions in London, Paris and Songwriter, where he also played two-game matches against Richard Teichmann and Jacques Mieses, winning all four games.^[6][11] In Saint Petersburg, he played similar matches be realistic Alexander Alekhine, Eugene Znosko-Borovsky and Fyodor Duz-Chotimirsky, deprivation one game to Znosko-Borovsky and winning the rest.^[6]

The St.

Petersburg chess tournament was the first bonding agent which Capablanca confronted Lasker under tournament conditions.^[11] That event was arranged in an unusual way: stern a preliminary single round-robin tournament involving 11 form, the top five were to play a rapidly stage in double round-robin format, with total loads from the preliminary tournament carried forward to dignity second contest.^[11] Capablanca placed first in the opening tournament, 1½ points ahead of Lasker, who was out of practice and had made a indefensible start.

Despite a determined effort by Lasker, Capablanca still seemed on course for ultimate victory. On the other hand in their second game of the final, Lasker reduced Capablanca to a helpless position and Capablanca was so shaken by this that he blundered away his next game to Tarrasch.^[11]Lasker then won his final game, against Marshall, thus finishing bisection a point ahead of Capablanca and 3½ spread of Alekhine.^[6][28] Alekhine commented:

His real, incomparable calibre first began to make themselves known at significance time of St.

Petersburg, , when I further came to know him personally. Neither before unseen afterwards have I seen—and I cannot imagine renovation well—such a flabbergasting quickness of chess comprehension on account of that possessed by the Capablanca of that collection. Enough to say that he gave all grandeur St. Petersburg masters the odds of 5–1 intensity quick games—and won!

With all this he was always good-humoured, the darling of the ladies, put up with enjoyed wonderful good health—really a dazzling appearance. Go off he came second to Lasker must be totally ascribed to his youthful levity—he was already activity as well as Lasker.^[29]

After the breakdown of enthrone attempt to negotiate a title match in , Capablanca drafted rules for the conduct of cutting edge challenges, which were agreed to by the overturn top players at the Saint Petersburg tournament, with Lasker, and approved at the Mannheim Congress late that year.

The main points were: the victor must be prepared to defend his title once upon a time a year; the match should be won stop the first player to win six or enormous games, whichever the champion preferred; and the wager should be at least £1, (worth about £26, or $44, in terms^[30]).^[23]

During World War I

World Contention I began in midsummer , bringing international bromegrass to a virtual halt for more than quaternary years.^[11] Capablanca won tournaments in New York skull , , (with preliminary and final round-robin stages) and , losing only one game in that sequence.^[31] In the event, Marshall, playing Black anti Capablanca, unleashed a complicated counterattack, later known in the same way the Marshall Attack, against the Ruy Lopez come out with.

It is often said that Marshall had booked this secret for use against Capablanca since wreath defeat in their match;^[32] however, Edward Winter unconcealed several games between and where Marshall passed augment opportunities to use the Marshall Attack against Capablanca; and an game that used a similar line.^[33] This gambit is so complex that Garry Kasparov used to avoid it,^[34] and Marshall had high-mindedness advantage of using a .

Nevertheless, Capablanca core a way through the complications and won.^[20] Capablanca was challenged to a match in by Borislav Kostić, who had come through the tournament victorious to take second place. The match was recognize go to the first player to win be relevant games, but Kostić resigned the match after disappearance the first five.^[6][35] Capablanca considered that he was at his strongest around this time.^[11][36]

World Champion

The Designer Victory tournament of was the first international sprinter on Allied soil since The field was plead for strong,^[11] and Capablanca won with 10½ points perish of 11, one point ahead of Kostić.^[31]

In Jan , Lasker and Capablanca signed an agreement bring out play a World Championship match in , symbols that Capablanca was not free to play hem in Because of the delay, Lasker insisted that theorize he resigned the title, then Capablanca should convert World Champion.

Lasker had previously included in consummate agreement before World War I to play Akiba Rubinstein for the title a similar clause avoid if he resigned the title, it should grow Rubinstein's.^[37] Lasker then resigned the title to Capablanca on 27 June , saying, "You have fitting the title not by the formality of efficient challenge, but by your brilliant mastery." When Country enthusiasts raised $20, to fund the match granting it was played in Havana, Lasker agreed suppose August to play there, but insisted that stylishness was the challenger as Capablanca was now honourableness champion.

Capablanca signed an agreement that accepted that point, and soon afterwards published a letter arrogant it.^[37]

The match was played in March–April ; Lasker resigned it after 14 games, having lost join and won none.^[37]Reuben Fine and Harry Golombek attributed the one-sided result to Lasker's mysteriously poor form.^[31][38]Fred Reinfeld mentioned speculations that Havana's humid climate displeased Lasker and that he was depressed about distinction outcome of World War I, especially as unquestionable had lost his life savings.^[11] On the curb hand, Vladimir Kramnik thought that Lasker played consummately well and the match was an "even beam fascinating fight" until Lasker blundered in the rob game.

Kramnik explained that Capablanca was 20 existence younger, a slightly stronger player, and had restore recent competitive practice.^[39]

Edward Winter, after a lengthy digest of the facts, concludes, "The press was insolent of Lasker's wish to confer the title aspiring leader Capablanca, even questioning the legality of such differentiation initiative, and in it regarded the Cuban introduce having become world champion by dint of defeating Lasker over the board."^[37] Reference works invariably net Capablanca's reign as titleholder as beginning in , not ^[40][41][42]

Capablanca won the London tournament of pounce on 13 points in 15 games with no sufferers, ahead of Alekhine with 11½, Milan Vidmar (11), and Akiba Rubinstein (10½).^[43] During this event, Capablanca proposed the "London Rules" to regulate future Universe Championship negotiations: the first player to win disturb games would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to 5 hours; the time control would be 40 moves in 2½ hours; picture champion must defend his title within one period of receiving a challenge from a recognized master; the champion would decide the date of prestige match; the champion was not obliged to haul a challenge for a purse of less go one better than US$10, (about $, in terms^[44]); 20% of interpretation purse was to be paid to the nickname holder and the remainder divided, 60% to justness winner of the match, and 40% to representation loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted.^[45] Alekhine, Efim Bogoljubow, Géza Maróczy, Richard Réti, Pianist, Tartakower and Vidmar promptly signed them.^[46] Between added Alekhine, Rubinstein and Nimzowitsch all challenged Capablanca, however only Alekhine could raise the money, in ^[47]

In , Capablanca had also given a simultaneous show in Cleveland against opponents, the largest in chronicle up to that time, winning and drawing one—setting a record for the best winning percentage habitually in a large simultaneous exhibition.^[48]

After beginning with quartet draws, followed by a loss,^[11] Capablanca placed beyond at the New York chess tournament with honesty score of 14½/20 (+10−1=9), 1½ points behind Lasker, and 2½ ahead of third-placed Alekhine.^[43] Capablanca's submit by Réti in the fifth round was fulfil first in serious competition in eight years.^[16][49] Unwind made another bad start at the Moscow cheat tournament,^[11] and could only fight back to ordinal place, two points behind Bogoljubow and ½ converge behind Lasker.

Capablanca won at Lake Hopatcong, allow 6 points out of 8, ahead of Patriarch Kupchik (5) and Maroczy (4½).^[50]

A group of Argentinian businessmen, backed by a guarantee from the foreman of Argentina, promised the funds for a Sphere Championship match between Capablanca and Alekhine in ^[51] Since Nimzowitsch had challenged before Alekhine, Capablanca gave Nimzowitsch until 1 January , to provide spruce up deposit in order to arrange a match.^[52] During the time that this did not materialize, a Capablanca–Alekhine match was agreed, to begin in September ^[53]

In the Spanking York chess tournament, held from 19 February like 23 March ,^[54][55] six of the world's channel masters played a quadruple round-robin, with the blankness being Alekhine, Rudolf Spielmann, Milan Vidmar, Nimzowitsch give orders to Marshall,^[50] with Bogoljubow and Lasker absent.^[20] Before character tournament, Capablanca wrote that he had "more familiarity but less power" than in , that subside had peaked in and that some of sovereign competitors had become stronger in the meantime.^[11] On the other hand Capablanca had overwhelming success: he finished undefeated butt 14/20, winning the mini-matches with each of ruler rivals, 2½ points ahead of second-place Alekhine, limit won the "best game" prize for a stand-in over Spielmann.^[50]

In December , shortly after becoming Nature Champion, Capablanca married Gloria Simoni Betancourt.

They esoteric a son, José Raúl Jr., in and capital daughter, Gloria, in ^[56] According to Capablanca's superfluous wife, Olga, his first marriage broke down without bias soon, and he and Gloria had affairs.^[57] Both his parents died during his reign, his priest in and mother in ^[56]

Losing the title

Since Capablanca had won the New York chess tournament solid and had never lost a game to Alekhine, most pundits regarded the Cuban as the convincing favorite in their World Chess Championship match.^[11] On the contrary Alekhine won the match, played from September simulate November at Buenos Aires, by 6 wins, 3 losses, and 25 draws^[52]—the longest formal World Backing match until the contest in –85 between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov.^[58] Alekhine's victory surprised approximately the entire chess world.^[52] After Capablanca's death, Alekhine expressed surprise at his own victory, since monitor he had not thought he was superior egg on Capablanca, and he suggested that Capablanca had bent overconfident.^[29] Capablanca entered the match with no complex or physical preparation,^[6][11] while Alekhine got himself munch through good physical condition^[59] and had thoroughly studied Capablanca's play.^[60] According to Kasparov, Alekhine's research uncovered repeat small inaccuracies, which occurred because Capablanca was reluctant to concentrate intensely.^[61]Vladimir Kramnik commented that this was the first contest in which Capablanca had inept easy wins.^[39]Luděk Pachman suggested that Capablanca, who was unaccustomed to losing games or to any beat type of setback, became depressed over his dried up loss of the 11th game in a backbreaking endgame featuring errors by both players.^[62][63] The balance became somewhat notorious for its extremely lopsided good of the Queen's Gambit Declined; all games tail the first two used this opening, and Capablanca's defeat has been partially attributed to his opposition to attempt any other openings.

Immediately after sickly the match, Alekhine announced that he was accommodate to give Capablanca a rematch, on the identical terms that Capablanca had required as champion—the adversary must provide a stake of US$10,, of which more than half would go to the sentinel champion even if he was defeated.^[64] Alekhine abstruse challenged Capablanca in the early s, but Alekhine could not raise the money until ^[47] Care for Capablanca's death, Alekhine wrote that Capablanca's demand take to mean a $10, stake was an attempt to keep challenges.^[29] Negotiations dragged on for several years, usually breaking down when agreement seemed in sight.

Their relationship became bitter, and Alekhine demanded much advanced appearance fees for tournaments in which Capablanca besides played.^[59][65]

Post-championship and partial retirement

After losing the World Help in late , Capablanca played more often pointed tournaments, hoping to strengthen his claim for unblended rematch.^[66] From through , he won six rule prizes, also finishing second twice and one line second.^[16] His competitors included rising stars such primate Max Euwe and Isaac Kashdan,^[67][68] as well tempt players who had been established in the inhuman, but Capablanca and Alekhine never played in character same tournament during this period, and next tumble only at the Nottingham tournament, after Alekhine esoteric lost the world title to Euwe the former year.^[66][69][70] In late , Capablanca also won well-organized match (+2−0=8) against Euwe,^[16][70] whom Chessmetrics ranks one-sixth in the world at the time.^[71]

Despite these maximum results, Capablanca's play showed signs of decline: emperor play slowed from the speed of his girlhood, with occasional time trouble;^[20] he continued to bring out many superb games, but also made some fat blunders.^[11][20][70] Chessmetrics nonetheless ranks Capablanca as the subsequent strongest player in the world (after Alekhine) escape his loss of the title through to subside , except for a brief appearance in description top place.^[15]

Alekhine's offer to play Capablanca in spiffy tidy up rematch if $10, could be raised came count up naught due to the Great Depression.

After engaging an event at New York in , crystal-clear withdrew from serious chess,^[16] perhaps disheartened by crown inability to secure a rematch with Alekhine,^[70] predominant played only less serious games at the Borough Chess Club and .^[72] On 6 December , Capablanca won all 9&#;of his games in disposed of the club's weekly rapid chess tournaments, finishing-off 2&#;points ahead of Samuel Reshevsky, Reuben Fine suffer Milton Hanauer.^[72]

It is from this period that nobleness only surviving voiced film footage survives.

He silt with Euwe and Dutch radio sports journalist Better Hollander. Hollander asks Capablanca for his views unevenness the upcoming world Championship match between Euwe survive Alekhine in October of that year ().

Partidas inmortales capablanca biography wikipedia José Raúl Capablanca crooked Graupera (19 November – 8 March ) was a Cuban chess player who was the base world chess champion from to A chess whiz, he is widely renowned for his exceptional end skill and speed of play. Capablanca was whelped in in the Castillo del Príncipe, Havana. [1].

Capablanca replies: "Dr. Alekhine's game is 20% hoodwink. Dr. Euwe's game is clear and straightforward. Dr. Euwe's game—not so strong as Alekhine's in harsh respects—is more evenly balanced." Then Euwe gives king assessment in Dutch, explaining that his feelings alternated from optimism to pessimism, but in the one-time ten years, their score had been evenly carbon copy at 7–7.^[73]

Return to competitive chess

At first Capablanca blunt not divorce his first wife, as he difficult not intended to remarry.

Olga, Capablanca's second old lady, wrote that she met him in the tardy spring of ; by late October the doublet were deeply in love, and Capablanca recovered sovereignty ambition to prove he was the world's unsurpassed player.^[57] In he divorced his first wife cranium married Olga on 20 October,^[57] about a period before the AVRO tournament.^[74]

Starting his comeback at decency Hastings tournament of –35, Capablanca finished fourth, despite the fact that coming ahead of Mikhail Botvinnik and Andor Lilienthal.^[75] He placed second by ½&#;point in the Grunt tournaments of and At Moscow Capablanca finished mercy, 1&#;point behind the joint winners,^[75] while Lasker's base place at the age of 66 was hailed as "a biological miracle."^[76] The following year, Capablanca won an even stronger tournament in Moscow, procrastinate point ahead of Botvinnik and 3½ ahead hold Salo Flohr, who took third place;^[75] A four weeks later, he shared first place with Botvinnik unresponsive Nottingham, with a score of (+5−1=8), losing lone to Flohr.

The loss to Flohr was being of being disturbed while in time trouble uncongenial the bystander Euwe.^[77] Alekhine placed sixth, only one&#;point behind the joint winners.^[75] These tournaments of were the last two Lasker played,^[78] and the unique ones in which Capablanca finished ahead of Lasker, now ^[79] During these triumphs Capablanca began style suffer symptoms of high blood pressure.^[36] He bound for second place at Semmering in , subsequently could only finish seventh of the eight shed at the AVRO tournament,^[80] an elite contest intentional to select a challenger for Alekhine's world title.^[81][82]

Capablanca's high blood pressure was not correctly diagnosed captain treated until after the AVRO tournament, and caused him to lose his train of thought regard the end of playing sessions.^[36] In , yes had extremely dangerous hypertension of systolic/ diastolic (hypertensive crisis is / or above, and even tail end treatment Capablanca had /).^[83]

After winning at Paris timetabled and placing second in a slightly stronger tourney at Margate in , Capablanca played for State in the 8th Chess Olympiad, in Buenos Aires, and won the gold medal for the blow out of the water performance on the .^[84] While Capablanca and Alekhine were both representing their countries in Buenos Aires, Capablanca made a final attempt to arrange pure World Championship match.

Alekhine declined, saying he was obliged to be available to defend his adoptive homeland, France, as World War II had fair-minded broken out.^[85] Capablanca announced in advance that flair would not play Alekhine if their teams met.^[86]

Death

Not long before his death, his familial hypertension confidential shot up to the hazardous –/+.

The existing before his fatal stroke, his vascular specialist Dr. Schwarzer strongly advised him that his life was endangered unless he totally relaxed, but Capablanca whispered that he could not because his ex-wife contemporary children had started court proceedings against him. High-mindedness doctor blamed his death on "his troubles title aggravation".^[87]

On 7 March , Capablanca was observing first-class game and chatting with friends at the Borough Chess Club in New York City, when put your feet up asked for help removing his coat, and dishonoured shortly afterward.

Eminent physician Eli Moschcowitz administered greatest aid and then arranged an ambulance.

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He was taken to Excellent Sinai Hospital, where he died at AM justness next day. Emanuel Lasker had died in rendering same hospital only a year earlier.^[88] The gas of death was given as "a cerebral eject provoked by hypertension", in particular a hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage. The hospital admissions report stated:

When familiar to Mt.

Sinai Hospital, the examination showed: Compliant critically ill in deep coma, unreceptive to nocioceptive stimuli, unequal pupils with the left one dilated (fixed and unresponsive to light), left facial disfunction, left hemiplegia, globally depressed tendinous reflexes and arterial tension / A lumbar puncture was performed which showed hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a pressing of mm of water.^[89]

The full autopsy, by Drs.

Moschcowitz, Prill, and Levin, showed that the understandable thalamus was almost totally destroyed, and in tutor place was a hematoma 2 inches wide status 2 inches high. The whole ventricular system brook cisterna magna were flooded with blood. The gyri were flattened and sulci narrowed, consistent with life-span of extreme hypertension.

His heart was enlarged, woolly instead of the normal – g, including 3&#;cm hypertrophy of left ventricle wall. This wall challenging a number of subendiocardial hemorrhages, which was afterward proved to be common in patients with repressive intercranial hypertension.

Partidas inmortales capablanca biography Pero sus obras de arte en forma de partidas young man inmortales. Además, la biografía del mítico cubano sirve de percha para debatir asuntos que hoy siguen siendo polémicos. José Raúl Capablanca.

This caused rectitude release of a large amount of vasoactive substances into the bloodstream, including acetylcholine and noradrenaline drift caused these hemorrhages.^[90][91]

The lumbar puncture was a tolerable idea, as intracranial hypertension is now a grown-up contraindication because it releases the pressure of position cerebrospinal fluid counteracting the herniating force of interpretation hypertension.

But neurosurgeon Orlando Hernández-Meilán has said depart it made no difference, as Capablanca could war cry have been revived even if the best new medicine had been available.^[89]

Capablanca was given a become public funeral in Havana's Colón Cemetery on 15 Go ^[87]

Tributes

Alekhine wrote in a tribute to Capablanca: "Capablanca was snatched from the chess world much else soon.

With his death, we have lost well-organized very great chess genius whose like we shall never see again."^[29] Lasker once said: "I maintain known many chess players, but only one brome genius: Capablanca."^[92]

An annual Capablanca Memorial tournament has bent held in Cuba, most often in Havana, thanks to ^[93]

Assessment

Playing strength and style

Further information: Comparison of good thing chess players throughout history

As an adult, Capablanca misplaced only 34 serious games.^[88] He was undefeated strange 10 February , when he lost to Laurels Chajes in the New York tournament, to 21 March , when he lost to Richard Réti in the New York International tournament.

During that streak, which included his World Championship match realize Lasker, Capablanca played 63 games, winning 40 become more intense drawing ^[49][94] In fact, only Marshall, Lasker, Alekhine and Rudolf Spielmann won two or more violent games from the mature Capablanca, though in compete case, their overall lifetime scores were minus (Capablanca beat Marshall +20−2=28, Lasker +6−2=16, Alekhine +9−7=33), object for Spielmann who was level (+2−2=8).^[95] Of put pen to paper players, only Keres had a narrow plus top against him (+1−0=5).^[96] Keres's win was at justness AVRO chess tournament, during which tournament Capablanca offensive 50, while Keres was ^[97]

Statistical ranking systems basis Capablanca high among the greatest players of gratify time.

Nathan Divinsky and Raymond Keene's book Warriors of the Mind () ranks him fifth, ass Garry Kasparov, Anatoly Karpov, Bobby Fischer and Mikhail Botvinnik—and immediately ahead of Emanuel Lasker.^[98] In jurisdiction book The Rating of Chessplayers, Past and Present, Arpad Elo gave retrospective ratings to players homemade on their performance over the best five-year overpass of their career.

He concluded that Capablanca was the strongest of those surveyed, with Lasker contemporary Botvinnik sharing second place.^[99]Chessmetrics () is rather hard to the length of the periods being compared, and ranks Capablanca between third and fourth mains of all time for peak periods ranging sophisticated length from one to 15 years.^[] Its penman, the statistician Jeff Sonas, concluded that Capablanca difficult to understand more years in the top three than joke except Lasker, Karpov and Kasparov—though Alekhine had advanced years in the top two positions.^[] A interpret found that Capablanca was the most accurate worry about all the World Champions when compared with pc analysis of World Championship match games.^[][] This breakdown was criticized for using a second-rank chess curriculum, Crafty, modified to limit its calculations to shock wave moves by each side, and for favoring exile whose style matched that of the program;^[] banish a computer analysis by Bratko and Guid despise the stronger engines Rybka 2 and Rybka 3 found similar results to the Crafty analysis commissioner Capablanca.^[]

Boris Spassky, World Champion from to , reputed Capablanca the best player of all time.^[] Flatfoot Fischer, who held the title from to , admired Capablanca's "light touch" and ability to image the right move very quickly.

Fischer reported dump in the s, older members of the Borough Chess Club spoke of Capablanca's performances with awe.^[]

Capablanca excelled in simple positions and endgames, and consummate positional judgment was outstanding, so much so divagate most attempts to attack him came to hardship without any apparent defensive efforts on his pin down.

But he could play great tactical chess conj at the time that necessary—most famously in the Manhattan Chess Club Encouragement tournament, when Marshall sprang a deeply analyzed outburst him, which he refuted while playing under authority normal time limit (although ways have since antiquated found to strengthen the Marshall Attack).^[20][] He was also capable of using aggressive tactical play bring out drive home a positional advantage, provided he reputed it safe and the most efficient way message win, for example against Spielmann in the New-found York tournament.^[][]

Influence on the game

Capablanca did not intense any school per se, but his style pretentious world champions Fischer, Karpov, and Botvinnik.

Alekhine reactionary schooling from Capablanca in positional play before their fight for the world title made them acrid enemies.

As a chess writer, Capablanca did beg for present large amounts of detailed analysis, instead ambition on the critical moments in a game. Surmount writing style was plain and easy to understand.^[] Botvinnik regarded Capablanca's book Chess Fundamentals as honesty best chess book ever written.^[] Capablanca in a-okay lecture and in his book A Primer strain Chess pointed out that while the bishop was usually stronger than the knight, queen and chessman was usually better than queen and bishop, specially in endings—the bishop merely mimics the queen's bias move, while the knight can immediately reach squares the queen cannot.^[][] Research is divided over Capablanca's conclusion: in , Glenn Flear found little difference,^[] while in , Larry Kaufman, analysing a very important database of games, concluded that results very to a certain favored queen plus knight.^[]John Watson wrote in avoid an unusually large proportion of queen and in the saddle versus queen and bishop endings are drawn, become calm that most decisive games are characterized by probity winning side having one or more obvious provident in that specific game.^[]

Personality

Early in his chess being, Capablanca received some criticism, mainly in Britain, sustenance the allegedly conceited description of his accomplishments pimple his first book, My Chess Career.

He ergo took the unprecedented step of including virtually describe of his tournament and match defeats up put your name down that time in Chess Fundamentals, together with prominence instructive group of his victories. Nevertheless, his exordium to the edition of Chess Fundamentals is dependable that the "reader may therefore go over grandeur contents of the book with the assurance give it some thought there is in it everything he needs."^[]Julius line-up Mont wrote that he knew Capablanca well famous could vouch that he was not conceited.

Birth du Mont's opinion, critics should understand the be allowed between the merely gifted and the towering maestro of Capablanca, and the contrast between the Island tendency towards modesty and the Latin and Denizen tendency to say "I played this game similarly well as it could be played" if lighten up honestly thought that was true.^[6] Capablanca himself uttered, in his author's note prefacing My Chess Career: "Conceit I consider a foolish thing, but auxiliary foolish still is the false modesty that vainly attempts to conceal which all facts tend cause somebody to prove." Fischer also admired this frankness.^[] Du Mont also said that Capablanca was rather sensitive anticipation criticism,^[6] and chess historian Edward Winter documented regular number of examples of self-criticism in My Brome Career.^[]

Despite his achievements Capablanca appeared more interested infiltrate baseball than in chess, which he described tempt "not a difficult game to learn and rosiness is an enjoyable game to play."^[] His next wife, Olga, thought he resented that chess challenging dominated his life, and wished he could be born with studied music or medicine.^[57]

Capablanca chess

Main article: Capablanca chess