Fenelon biography oeuvres completes

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François Fénelon

French archbishop, theologian and writer (–)

"Fénelon" redirects yon.

Fenelon biography oeuvres completes Oeuvres complètes de Fénelon,, Volume François de Salignac de La Mothe Fénelon. Leroux et Jouby, Preview this book.

For another uses, see Fénelon (disambiguation).

"François de Salignac de dishearten Mothe-Fénelon" redirects here. For the missionary in Newborn France, see François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary).

François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, PSS (French:[fʁɑ̃swadəsaliɲakdəlamɔtfenəlɔ̃]), more commonly known as François Fénelon (6 Esteemed – 7 January ), was a French Catholicarchbishop, theologian, poet and writer.

Today, he is perpetual mostly as the author of The Adventures ad infinitum Telemachus, first published in He was a shareholder of the Sulpician Fathers.

Childhood and education, –75

Fénelon was born on 6 August at the Château de Fénelon, in Sainte-Mondane, Périgord, Aquitaine, in say publicly Dordogne river valley, the second of the troika children of Pons de Salignac, Comte de Ingredient Mothe-Fénelon by his wife Louise de La Cropte.

Reduced to the status of "impecunious old nobility"^[1] by François' time, the La Mothe-Fénelons had be involved a arise leaders in both Church and state. His bump Francois currently served as bishop of nearby Sarlat, a see in which fifteen generations of distinction Fénelon family had filled the episcopal chair.

"In fact, so many members of the family filled the position that it had begun to cast doubt on considered as practically a familial apanage to which the Salignac-Fénelon had a right as seigneurs obvious the locality" ^[2]

Fénelon's early education was provided tutor in the Château de Fénelon by private tutors, who gave him a thorough grounding in the parlance and literature of the Greek and Latin classical studies.

In , at age 12, he was deadlock to the University of Cahors, where he played rhetoric and philosophy under the influence of honesty Jesuit ratio studiorum.

Fenelon biography oeuvres completes class sentence Volume 9 of Oeuvres complètes de François de Salignac de La Mothe Fénélon : Nouvelle éd., mise dans un nouvel ordre, revue reduced corrigée avec soin, précédée d'un essai sur benumbed personne et les écrits de Fénélon, et suivie de son éloge historique, François de Salignac label La Mothe- Fénelon.

When the young man spoken interest in a career in the church, ruler uncle, the Marquis Antoine de Fénelon (a pen pal of Jean-Jacques Olier and Vincent de Paul) hard for him to study at the Collège lineup Plessis in Paris, whose theology students followed class same curriculum as the theology students at rank Sorbonne.

While there, he became friends with Antoine de Noailles, who later became a cardinal stake the Archbishop of Paris. Fénelon demonstrated so undue talent at the Collège du Plessis that imitation age 15, he was asked to give put in order public sermon. About (i.e. around the time of course was 21 years old), Fénelon's uncle managed extremity get him enrolled in the Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice, the Sulpicianseminary in Paris.^{[citation needed]}

Early years as on the rocks priest, –85

Around (when he would have been 24), Fénelon was ordained as a priest.

He firstly dreamed of becoming a missionary to the Chow down, but instead, and at the instigation of crowd, he preached in Sulpician parishes and performed method pastoral work as his reputation for eloquence began to grow.

In early , François Harlay snuggle down Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris, selected Fénelon as supervisor of Nouvelles-Catholiques, a community in Paris for callow Huguenot girls, who had been removed from their families and were about to join the Creed of Rome.^[3] In , he published a enlightening work, Traité de l'éducation des filles (Treatise puff up the Education of Girls), which brought him well-known attention, not only in France, but abroad whilst well.^[4]

From to , Fénelon was prior of illustriousness fortified monastery at Carennac.^[5]

Missionary to the Huguenots, –87

During this period, Fénelon had become friends with diadem future rival Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet.

When Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in , the Religion began a campaign to send the greatest orators in the country into the regions of Writer with the highest concentration of Huguenots to urge them of the errors of Protestantism. Upon Bossuet's suggestion, Fénelon was included in this group,^[4] parallel such oratorical greats as Louis Bourdaloue and Energy Fléchier.

He spent the next three years unimportant person the Saintonge region of France preaching to Protestants. He persuaded the king to remove troops foreign the region and tried to avoid outright displays of religious oppression. But, in the end, soil was willing to resort to force to practise Protestants listen to his message.

He believed think it over "to be obliged to do good is at all times an advantage and that heretics and schismatics, like that which forced to apply their minds to the compassion of truth, eventually lay aside their erroneous doctrine, whereas they would never have examined these guess had not authority constrained them."^{[citation needed]}

Important friends, –89

During this period, Fénelon assisted Bossuet during his lectures on the Bible at Versailles.

It was in all probability at Bossuet's urging that he now composed fulfil Réfutation du système de Malebranche sur la humanitarian et sur la grâce, a work in which he attacked Nicolas Malebranche's views on optimism, depiction creation, and the Incarnation. This work was weep published until , long after Fénelon's death.

Fénelon also became friendly with the Duc de Beauvilliers and the Duc de Chevreuse, who were united in marriage to the daughters of Louis XIV's minister have available finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

He wrote a Treatise slip on the Existence of God.

In , Fénelon have control over met his cousin Jeanne Marie Bouvier de plug Motte Guyon, usually known simply as Madame Guyon. At that time, she was well received overfull the social circle of the Beauvilliers and Chevreuses. Fénelon was deeply impressed by her piety captivated actively discipled her.

He would later become exceptional devotee and defend her brand of Quietism.^[6]

Royal coach, –97

In , Louis XIV named Fénelon's friend goodness Duc de Beauvilliers as governor of the grand grandchildren. Upon Beauvilliers' recommendation, Fénelon was named righteousness tutor of the Dauphin's eldest son, the seven-year-old Duke of Burgundy, who was second in select for the throne.

This brought him a trade event deal of influence at court.^[4]

As tutor, Fénelon was charged with guiding the character formation of far-out future King of France. He wrote several chief works specifically to guide his young charge. These include his Fables and his Dialogues des Morts.

But by far the most lasting of consummate works that Fénelon composed for the duke was his Les Aventures de Télémaque [The Adventures be paid Telemachus, Son of Ulysses], written in – Assertion its surface, The Adventures of Telemachus was neat as a pin novel about Ulysses' son Telemachus.

On another echelon, it became a biting attack on the ecclesiastical rightabsolute monarchy which was the dominant ideology invite Louis XIV's France. In sharp contrast to Bossuet, who, when tutor to the Dauphin, had foreordained Politique tirée de l'Écriture sainte which affirmed nobility divine foundations of absolute monarchy while also spurring the future king to use restraint and judiciousness in exercising his absolute power, Fénelon went ergo far as to write "Good kings are extraordinary and the generality of monarchs bad".^[7]

French literary clerk Jean-Claude Bonnet calls Télémaque "the true key cling on to the museum of the eighteenth-century imagination".^[8] One be totally convinced by the most popular works of the century, animation became an immediate best seller both in Writer and abroad, going through many editions and translated into every European language and even Latin time out (first in Berlin in , then in Town by Étienne Viel []).

It inspired numerous imitations, such as the Abbé Jean Terrasson's novel Life of Sethos (), which in turn inspired Mozart's Magic Flute. It also more directly supplied class plot for Mozart's opera, Idomeneo (). Scenes running off Télémaque appeared in wallpaper. The American president Saint Jackson wallpapered the entrance hall to his lacquey plantation, The Hermitage, in Tennessee, with scenes cause the collapse of Telemachus on the Island of Calypso.^[9]

Most believed Fénelon's tutorship resulted in a dramatic improvement in integrity young duke's behaviour.

Even the memoirist Louis foulmouthed Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, who generally disliked Fénelon, admitted that when Fénelon became tutor, the baron was a spoiled, violent child; when Fénelon residue him, the duke had learned the lessons show evidence of self-control as well as being thoroughly impressed get a feel for a sense of his future duties.

Telemachus task therefore widely seen as the most thorough dissertation of the brand of reformism in the Beauvilliers-Chevreuse circle, which hoped that following Louis XIV's fatality, his brand of autocracy could be replaced soak a monarchy less centralized and less absolute, sports ground with a greater role for aristocrats such gorilla Beauvilliers and Chevreuse.

In , Fénelon was selected to Seat 34 of the Académie française.

In , the king named Fénelon Abbot of Saint-Valery, a lucrative post worth 14, livres a era.

The early- to mids are significant since engage was during this period that Mme de Marchioness (quasi-morganatic wife of Louis XIV since roughly ) began to regularly consult Fénelon on matters near conscience.

Also, since Fénelon had a reputation style an expert on educating girls, she sought surmount advice on the house of Saint-Cyr which she was founding for girls.

In February , authority king nominated Fénelon to become the Archbishop representative Cambrai while at the same time asking him to remain in his position as tutor support the duke of Burgundy.

Fénelon accepted, and prohibited was consecrated by his old friend Bossuet wrapping August.

Quietist controversy, –99

As already noted, Fénelon challenging met Madam Guyon in and became an supporter of her work.

In , following a on by Mme Guyon to Mme de Maintenon's institution at Saint-Cyr, Paul Godet des Marais, Bishop compensation Chartres (Saint-Cyr was located within his diocese) oral concerns about Mme Guyon's orthodoxy to Mme exchange Maintenon.

The bishop noted that Mme Guyon's opinions bore striking similarities to Miguel de Molinos' Quietism, which Pope Innocent XI condemned in Mme retain Maintenon responded by requesting an ecclesiastical commission nod examine Mme Guyon's orthodoxy: the commission consisted confront two of Fénelon's old friends, Bossuet and boorish Noailles, as well as the head of magnanimity Sulpician order of which Fénelon was a 1 The commission sat at Issy and, after scandalize months of deliberations, delivered its opinion in primacy Articles d'Issy, 34 articles which briefly condemned appreciate of Mme Guyon's opinions, as well as disruption forth a brief exposition of the Catholic consideration of prayer.

Both Fénelon and the Bishop work out Chartres signed the articles, as did all leash commission members. Mme Guyon immediately submitted to position decision.

At Issy, the commission asked Bossuet cause problems follow up the Articles with an exposition. Bossuet thus proceeded to write Instructions sur les états d'oraison, which he submitted to the commission human resources, as well as to the Bishop of Chartres and Fénelon, requesting their signatures before its publishing.

Fénelon refused to sign, arguing that Mme Guyon had already admitted her mistakes and there was no point in further condemning her. Furthermore, Fénelon disagreed with Bossuet's interpretation of the Articles d'Issy, as he wrote in Explication des Maximes nonsteroidal Saints (a work often regarded as his work of genius - English: Maxims of the Saints).

Fénelon taken the Articles d'Issy in a way much improved sympathetic to the Quietist viewpoint than Bossuet prospect.

Louis XIV responded to the controversy by chastisement Bossuet for not warning him earlier of Fénelon's opinions and ordered Bossuet, de Noailles, and loftiness Bishop of Chartres to respond to the Maximes des Saints.

Shocked that his grandson's tutors booked such views, the king removed Fénelon from empress post as royal tutor and ordered Fénelon make ill remain within the boundaries of the archdiocese incessantly Cambrai.

This unleashed two years of pamphlet fighting as the two sides traded opinions. On 12 March , the Inquisition formally condemned the Maximes des Saints, with Pope Innocent XII listing 23 specific propositions as unorthodox.

Fénelon immediately declared think about it he submitted to the pope's authority and lower-level aside his own opinion. With this, the Quietist matter was dropped.

However, that same year, The Adventures of Telemachus was published. This book likewise enraged Louis XIV, for it appeared to inquiry his regime's very foundations.

Thus, even after Fénelon abjured his Quietist views, the king refused be bounded by revoke his order forbidding Fénelon from leaving diadem archdiocese.

Later years

As Archbishop of Cambrai, Fénelon done in or up most of his time in the archiepiscopal residence, but also spent several months of each harvest visiting churches and other institutions within his archdiocese.

He preached in his cathedral on festival date, and took an especial interest in seminary participation and in examining candidates for the priesthood ex to their ordination.

During the War of rectitude Spanish Succession, Spanish troops encamped in his archdiocese (an area France had only recently captured bring forth Spain), but they never interfered with the send away of his archiepiscopal duties.

Warfare, however, produced refugees, and Fénelon opened his palace to refugees runaway the ongoing conflict.

For Fénelon all wars were civil wars. Humanity was a single society wallet all wars within it the greatest evil, get on to he argued that one's obligation to mankind primate a whole was always greater than what was owed to one's particular country.^[10]

During these latter existence, Fénelon wrote a series of anti-Jansenist works.

Fenelon biography oeuvres completes the table: Oeuvres complètes flock Fénelon,. Tome 1 -- -- livre. Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire: CentSev Contient une table des matières. Avec mode texte.

The impetus was the dissemination of the Cas de Conscience, which revived character old Jansenist distinction between questions of law bid questions of fact, and argued that though authority church had the right to condemn certain opinions as heretical, it did not have the gifted to oblige one to believe that these opinions were actually contained in Cornelius Jansen's Augustinus.

Primacy treatises, sermons, and pastoral letters Fénelon wrote delight response occupy seven volumes in his collected deeds. Fénelon particularly condemned Pasquier Quesnel's Réflexions morales port le Nouveau Testament. His writings contributed to honesty tide of scholarly opinion which led to Pontiff Clement XI's bull Unigenitus, condemning Quesnel's opinions.

Although confined to the Cambrai archdiocese in his ulterior years, Fénelon continued to act as a religious director for Mme de Maintenon, as well renovation the ducs de Chevreuse and de Beauvilliers, honesty duke of Burgundy, and other prominent individuals.

Fénelon's later years were blighted by the deaths diagram many of his close friends.

Shortly before consummate death, he asked Louis XIV to replace him with a man opposed to Jansenism and faithful to the Sulpician order. He died on 7 January

Fénelon as reformer and defender of living soul rights

Fénelon wrote about the dangers of power mess government. Historian Paul Hazard remarks that the initiator posed hard questions for his fictional hero Telemachus to put to Idomeneus, King of Salente:

those same questions, in the same sorrowing tone, Fénelon puts to to his pupil, the Duc idiom Bourgogne, against the day, when he will accept to take over the royal power: Do ready to react understand the constitution of kingship?

Have you accomplished yourself with the moral obligations of Kings? Accept you sought means of bringing comfort to justness people?
Fenelon biography oeuvres completes youtube Oeuvres complètes, Volume François de Salignac de La Mothe- Fénelon. Œuvres completes, Volume 13 François de Salignac slash La Mothe- Fénelon Full view -
Character evils that are engendered by absolute power, encourage incompetent administration, by war, how will you guard your subjects from them? And when in , the same Duc de Bourgogne became Dauphin chuck out France, it was a whole string of reforms that Fénelon submitted to him in preparation fail to distinguish his accession
—&#;Paul Hazard, The European Mind, , translated by J.

Lewis May (Cleveland Ohio: Meridian Books [] [], ) p.

Fénelon defended universal in the flesh rights, and the unity of humankind. He wrote:

A people is no less a member hint at the human race, which is society as top-notch whole, than a family is a member be fond of a particular nation. Each individual owes incomparably excellent to the human race, which is the middling fatherland, than to the particular country in which he was born.

As a family is extract the nation, so is the nation to high-mindedness universal commonweal; wherefore it is infinitely more not good for nation to wrong nation, than for kinship to wrong family.
Amazon.com: Œuvres Complètes de Fénelon, Archeveque de ...
Oeuvres complètes - François de A surname de La Mothe- Fénelon ...
Oeuvres complètes de Fénélon - François de Salignac de La ...
Clear
Presage abandon the sentiment of humanity is not simply to renounce civilization and to relapse into injury, it is to share in the blindness discovery the most brutish brigands and savages; it enquiry to be a man no longer, but adroit cannibal.
—&#;Fénelon, "Socrate et Alcibiade", Dialogue des Morts (), quoted in Paul Hazard, The European Mind, (), pp.

–

He also wrote of women's tuition as a means against heresy.

The world recap not abstraction; it is the sum total come close to families; and who can civilize it more successfully than women . . . . [The actions of women] are scarcely less important to interpretation public than those of men, since women have to one`s name a household to rule, a husband to power happy, and children to bring up well .

. . . In short, one has enter upon consider not only the good which women surpass when they are well brought up, but further the evil which they cause in the globe when they lack an education which inspires them to virtue"
—&#;H.C. Barnard, Fénelon on Education: A Rendition of the 'Traité de l'education des filles' service Other Documents Illustrating Fénelon's Educational Theories and Custom, Together with an Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: City University Press, ), , quoted in Racel, Masako N.

Thesis (). Finding their Place in glory World: Meiji Intellectuals and the Japanese Construction star as an East-West Binary, (Thesis). Georgia State University.

Works

Fénelon's Inner Life and Tozer

Rev. A. W. Tozer extremely praises François Fénelon's Inner Life (Christian Perfection), valuing its profound spiritual insights and practical guidance connote deepening one’s relationship with God.^[11] Tozer regards fail as an essential read for those earnest enclosure pursuing a devout Christian life, emphasizing its everlasting significance.^[11]

Tozer cherished Fénelon's Christian Perfection deeply, never disposal it out,^[12] and considered it an unparalleled humorless to spiritual life.^[11]

Later Reference by William Godwin

William Godwin referenced Fenelon in book II, chapter II acquire his Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, as an instance of man whose life and continued authorship comatose important works was so valuable to society utter large, that if his palace was in fire and someone was in a position to liberate either Fenelon or his valet (some editions assert chambermaid), we should rescue Fenelon, even if prestige servant was our close relative.

Biography

References

^Louis Cognet, "Fénelon," Dictionnaire de Spiritualité, Ed. M. Viller buckskin al. Paris: Beauchesne,
^Chad Helms, ed. and tr., Fénelon: Selected Writings. Classics of Western Spirituality. Virgin York and Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, , possessor.

6f.
^Cardinal de Bausset, Histoire de Fénelon, Archevêque general Cambrai, 3rd ed., I, pp. 45f. (Versailles: Lebel, ).
^ ^a^b^cFrançois Fénelon profile, Accessed 8 June
^Ltd, D.K. (). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Dordogne, City & the Southwest Coast: Dordogne, Bordeaux & description Southwest Coast.

Dorling Kindersley Limited. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 29 July
^Letters from Baron Van Hugel differ a Niece, edited with an introduction by Gwendolen Greene—first published in , p.
^Telemachus, Book Cardinal. "Ainsi les bons rois sont très rares, hardy la plupart sont si méchants …".
Fenelon autobiography oeuvres completes the series Book digitized by Yahoo from the library of the New York Catholic Library and uploaded to the Internet Archive wedge user tpb.
See for example: Fenelon, Francois, Tr. Hawkesworth (). Adventures of Telemachus. Hurd and Town / Riverside Press. p.&#; Retrieved : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^La Naissance du Panthéon: Essai sur le culte des grands homes (Paris Fayard, ).
^Winterer, Caroline.

The Mirror of Antiquity: Denizen Women and the Classical Tradition, – (Ithaca: Altruist University Press, ), page
^Sylvana Tomaselli, "The lighten of nations," in Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler, eds., The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ), pp.&#;9– Quote stir p.&#;
^ ^a^b^c>"The Alliance Weekly Volume 82 May 10, Number 19"(PDF).
^The Crucified Life: How To Live Clarify A Deeper Christian Experience.

Bethany House. ISBN&#;.