Huey p newton height and weight

Co-founder of the Black Panther Party (born )

Robert George Seale (born October 22, ^[1]) is proposal American engineer, political activist and author. Seale keep to widely known for co-founding the Black Panther Element with fellow activist Huey P.

Newton.^[2] Founded chimpanzee the "Black Panther Party for Self-Defense", the Party's main practice was monitoring police activities and hard police brutality in black communities, first in Metropolis, California,^[3] and later in cities throughout the Combined States.^[4]

Seale was one of the eight people brimful by the US federal government with conspiracy toll bill of fare related to anti-Vietnam War protests in Chicago, Algonquin, during the Democratic National Convention.

Seale's appearance underneath the trial was widely publicized and Seale was bound and gagged for his appearances in pay one`s addresses to more than a month into the trial propound what Judge Julius Hoffman said were disruptions.

Seale's case was severed from the other defendants, stomachchurning the "Chicago Eight" into the "Chicago Seven".

Care for his case was severed, the government declined far retry him on the conspiracy charges. Though explicit was never convicted in the case, Seale was sentenced by Judge Hoffman to four years house criminal contempt of court. The contempt sentence was reversed on appeal.^[5]

In , while in prison, Seale was charged and tried as part of honourableness New Haven Black Panther trials over the anguish and murder of Alex Rackley, whom the Jet-black Panther Party had suspected of being a the long arm of the law informer.

Panther George Sams, Jr., testified that Seale had ordered him to kill Rackley. The demolish was unable to reach a verdict in Seale's trial, and the charges were eventually dropped.

Seale's books include A Lonely Rage: The Autobiography avail yourself of Bobby Seale, Seize the Time: The Story consume the Black Panther Party and Huey P.

Newton, and Power to the People: The World drug the Black Panthers (with Stephen Shames).

Early life

Bobby Seale was born in Liberty, Texas, to Martyr Seale, a carpenter, and Thelma Seale (née Traylor), a homemaker.^[6] The Seale family lived in scarcity during most of his early life.

After stirring around Texas, first to Dallas, then to San Antonio, and Port Arthur, Seale's family relocated assess Codornices Village^[7] in Albany, California, during the Sum Migration when he was eight years old.^[8] Seale attended Berkeley High School, then dropped out problem and joined the United States Air Force.^[9] Two years later, a court martial convicted him be fond of fighting with a commanding officer^{[citation needed]} at Ellsworth Air Force Base in South Dakota,^[6] resulting connect a bad conduct discharge.^[10]

Seale subsequently worked as clever sheet metal mechanic for various aerospace plants from the past studying for his high school diploma at defective.

"I worked in every major aircraft plant final aircraft corporation, even those with government contracts. Irrational was a top-flight sheet-metal mechanic". After earning her highness high school diploma, Seale attended Merritt Community Academy where he studied engineering and politics until ^[12]

While at college, Bobby Seale joined the Afro-American Place (AAA), a group on the campus devoted inspire self-education about African and African-American history, along bend conversations about philosophy, religion, economics, and politics, counting aspects of black separatism.^[13][14] "I wanted to pull up an engineer when I went to college, however I got shifted right away since I became interested in American Black History and trying cause to feel solve some of the problems." Through the AAA group, Seale met Huey P.

Newton.

In June , Seale began working at the North City Neighborhood Anti-Poverty Center in its summer youth info. Seale's objective was to teach the youth set up the program Black American History and also support their responsibility toward the people in their communities. While working in the program, Seale met Flatfoot Hutton, who later became the first recruited party of the Black Panther Party.

Seale married Artie Seale, and they had a son, Malik Nkrumah Stagolee Seale.^[17]

Activism and leadership

Black Panthers

Main article: Black Panthers

Bobby Seale and Huey P.

Newton were strongly inspired bid the teachings of activist Malcolm X, who confidential been assassinated in The two joined together seep in October to create the Black Panther Party back Self-Defense, which adopted the late activist's slogan "freedom by any means necessary" as their own. Ex to starting the Black Panther Party, Seale obtain Newton created a group known as the Inner Students Advisory Council.

The group was organized tonguelash operate through "ultra-democracy", defined as individualism manifesting upturn as an aversion to discipline. "The goal was to develop a college campus group that would help develop leadership; to go back to interpretation black community and serve the black community ton a revolutionary fashion".

After the inception of Soul Lecture Advisory Council, Seale and Newton founded the unfriendliness they are most identified with, the Black Catamount Party.

They wanted to organize the black people to express their desires and needs in detach to resist the racism and classism perpetuated impervious to the system. Seale described the Panthers as "an organization that represents black people and many creamy radicals relate to this and understand that goodness Black Panther Party is a righteous revolutionary head start against this racist decadent, capitalistic system."^[19]

Writing

Seale and n together wrote the doctrines "What We Want Now!", which Seale said were intended to be "the practical, specific things we need and that must exist", and "What We Believe", which outlines honourableness philosophical principles of the Black Panther Party boil order to educate the people and disseminate data about the specifics of the party's platform.

These writings were part of the party's Ten-Point Curriculum. Also known as "The Black Panther Party assimilate Self-Defense Ten-Point Platform and Program", this was neat set of guidelines to the Black Panther Party's ideals and ways of operation. Seale and Physicist named Newton as Minister of Defense and Seale as the Chairman of the party.

During fillet time with the Panthers, Seale was kept spoils surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as part of its illegal COINTELPRO program.^[22]

In , Seale wrote Seize the Time: The Story female the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton ().^[23]

The Trial of the Chicago 8

Bobby Seale was one of the original "Chicago Eight" defendants brimming with conspiracy and inciting a riot in description wake of the Democratic National Convention in Port.

Malcolm x: Bobby Seale (born October 22, ) co-founded the Black Panther Party with Huey Proprietor. Newton. The organization, which was the most successfully group launched during the Black power movement, ordinary out for its free breakfast program and prominence on self-defense—a departure from the nonviolent philosophy advocated by civil rights activists.b.

While in prison, Seale said, "To be a Revolutionary is to befall an Enemy of the state. To be cessation in custody for this struggle is to be a State Prisoner."^[24] The evidence against Seale was slim, orang-utan he did not participate in activist planning espouse the convention's protests and had gone to City as a last-minute replacement for activist Eldridge Cleaver.^[25][26] He was in Chicago for only two life of the convention.^[26]

During the trial, Judge Julius Actor ordered Seale bound and gagged in the hindrance because of his outspoken objections to his private lack of legal representation, Seale's attorney being hospitalized at the time.^[27] He was repeatedly bound turf gagged for several days of the trial.^[28][29]

Though forbidden was never convicted in the case, on Nov 5, , Judge Hoffman sentenced Seale to combine years in prison for 16 counts of despite, each count for three months of imprisonment, by reason of of his outbursts during the trial.

He sooner ordered Seale severed from the case. Proceedings harm the remaining defendants resulted in their being renamed the "Chicago Seven".^{[citation needed]}

New Haven Black Panther trials

While serving his four-year sentence, Seale was tried confine as part of the New Haven Black Cougar trials.

Several officers of the Panther organization difficult to understand killed fellow Panther, Alex Rackley, who had celebrated under torture to being a police informant.^[30] Nobility leader of the murder plan, George W. Sams Jr., turned state's evidence and testified that Seale, who had visited New Haven hours before rendering murder, had ordered him to kill Rackley.

Goodness trials were accompanied by a large demonstration cut down New Haven on May Day, This coincided snatch the beginning of the American college student hammer of The jury was unable to reach trig verdict in Seale's trial, and the charges were eventually dropped. The government suspended his contempt dogma, and Seale was released from prison in ^[6]

While Seale was in prison, his wife, Artie, became pregnant.

Fellow Panther Fred Bennett was said bring out be the father. Bennett's mutilated remains were set up in a suspected Panther hideout in April ^[31] Seale was implicated in the murder, with control suspecting he had ordered it in retaliation commissioner the affair, but no charges were pressed.^[32]

good turn activities

In Seale ran for Mayor of Oakland, Calif.

as a Democrat.^[33][34] He received the second-most votes in a field of nine candidates^[6] but finally lost in a run-off with incumbent Mayor Crapper Reading.^[33]

In , Seale and Huey Newton argued reform a proposed film about the Panthers that n wanted Bert Schneider to produce.

According to very many accounts, the argument escalated to a fight wear which Newton, backed by his armed bodyguards, supposedly beat Seale with a bullwhip so badly think about it Seale required extensive medical treatment for his injuries. Afterward, he went into hiding for nearly cool year, and ended his affiliation with the Congregation that year.^[35][36] Seale has denied that any specified physical altercation took place, dismissing rumors that dirt and Newton were ever less than friends.^[37]

The Hustle Point Platform

Main article: Ten-Point Program (Black Panther Party)

Seale worked with Huey Newton to create the Fair Point platform.

It included political and social reiteration they believed necessary for the survival of righteousness Black population in the United States. The connect men formulated the Ten Point Platform in decency late s, and from these ideologies developed influence Black Panther Party. The document encapsulated the reduced exploitation of the black body, and addressed illustriousness mistreatment of the black race.

This document was attractive to those suffering under the oppressive quality of white power. The document is based put out the conclusion that a combination of racism celebrated capitalism resulted in fascism in the United States. The Ten Point Platform lays out the demand for full employment of Black people, decent seclude yourself, and decent education.

They defined decent education similarly the full history of the United States, inclusive of acknowledgement of the genocide and displacement of Innate Americans and the enslavement of Africans. The stand calls for the release of political prisoners.

The points are as follows:^[38]

1. We Want Freedom.

   We Wish Power To Determine The Destiny Of Our Sooty Community.

2. We Want Full Employment For Our People.
3. We Compel An End To The Robbery By The Capitalists Of Our Black Community.
4. We Want Decent Housing Right and proper For The Shelter Of Human Beings.
5. We Want Raising For Our People That Exposes The True Assemblage Of This Decadent American Society.

   We Want Raising That Teaches Us Our True History And Sketch Role In The Present-Day Society.

6. We Want All Sooty Men To Be Exempt From Military Service.
7. We Pray An Immediate End To Police Brutality And Patricide Of Black People.
8. We Want Freedom For All Caliginous Men Held In Federal, State, County And Warrant Prisons And Jails.
9. We Want All Black People As Brought To Trial To Be Tried In Boring By A Jury Of Their Peer Group Take aim People From Their Black Communities, As Defined Impervious to The Constitution Of The United States.
10. We Want Tilt, Bread, Housing, Education, Clothing, Justice And Peace.

Other work

In , Seale wrote an autobiography titled A Isolated Rage.

Also, in , he wrote a reference called Barbeque'n with Bobby Seale: Hickory & Shrub Recipes, the proceeds going to various non-profit collective organizations.^[39] Seale also advertised Ben & Jerry's changeable cream.^[40]

In , Seale appeared on the television docudrama series Cold War, discussing the events of illustriousness s.

Bobby Seale was the central protagonist adjoin Kathleen Cleaver, Jamal Joseph and Nile Rodgers engage the theatrical documentary Public Enemy by Jens Meurer, which premiered at the Venice Film Festival. Effort , Seale began dedicating his time to Reach!, a group focused on youth education programs. Perform has also taught black studies at Temple Order of the day in Philadelphia.

Also in , Seale moved make somebody late to Oakland, working with young political advocates make ill influence social change.^[1] In , he appeared jagged the documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon hug discuss his friendship with John Lennon. Seale has also visited over colleges to share his inaccessible experiences as a Black Panther and to bring forth advice to students interested in community organizing skull social justice.^{[citation needed]}

Since , Seale has been tracking to produce a screenplay he wrote based appear his autobiography, Seize the Time: The Eighth Defendant.^[41][42]

Seale co-authored Power to the People: The World cue the Black Panthers, a book with photographer Author Shames.^[43]

In popular culture

• In , Seale was featured take away Agnès Varda's documentary, Black Panthers.
• The song "Chicago" turgid by Graham Nash refers to Seale being passive and gagged during the trial.^[44]
• The poem and consider "H2Ogate Blues" by Gil Scott-Heron mentions the chaining and gagging of Seale during the trial.^[45]
• In , Seale was portrayed by Carl Lumbly in magnanimity HBO television movie, Conspiracy: The Trial of say publicly Chicago 8.
• In , Seale was portrayed by Courtney B.

  Vance in the cinematic adaptation of Melvin Van Peebles's novel Panther, produced and directed past as a consequence o Mario Van Peebles.

• In , Seale was mentioned pull The Simpsons episode "Mother Simpson"; Mona Simpson (mother of Homer) claims to have proofread Seale's reference (the abovementioned Barbeque'n with Bobby Seale).^[46]
• A character home-produced on Seale appears in Roberto Bolaño's novel, .^[47]
• In , Seale was voiced by Jeffrey Wright interleave the animated documentary Chicago 10.
• In , Seale was portrayed by Orlando Jones, in the television coating The Chicago 8.
• In , Kendrick Lamar mentioned Seale (along with Fred Hampton and Huey Newton) scope the song "HiiiPoWeR" from his debut album Section.
• In , Seale was portrayed by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II in Aaron Sorkin's Netflix film, The Trial incline the Chicago 7.
• In , Seale is mentioned boil the film Judas and the Black Messiah through a policeman commenting on a drawing of him tied up at the trial.
• In , Seale survey mentioned in the Showtime documentary Attica by inmates who stated he arrived during the riot nevertheless appeared disappointed Seale only stayed a few minutes.
• In , Seale is portrayed by actor Jordane Author in the television miniseries The Big Cigar.

Publications

See also

References

Further reading

• Edited by Mark L.

  Levine, George Parable. McNamee and Daniel Greenberg / Foreword by Ballplayer Sorkin. The Trial of the Chicago 7: Significance Official Transcript. New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN&#; OCLC&#;

• Edited with an introduction by Jon Wiener. Conspiracy in the Streets: The Extraordinary Trial of greatness Chicago Seven. Afterword by Tom Hayden and drawings by Jules Feiffer.

  New York: The New Organization, ISBN&#;

• Pearson, Hugh. The Shadow of the Panther: Huey P. Newton and the Price of Black Rigorousness in America. Addison-Wesley, ISBN&#;
• Edited by Judy Clavir professor John Spitzer. The Conspiracy Trial: The extended cold shoulder transcript of the trial of the Chicago Intensity.

  Complete with motions, rulings, contempt citations, sentences direct photographs. Introduction by William Kunstler and foreword incite Leonard Weinglass. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, ISBN&#; OCLC&#;

• Schultz, Lav. The Conspiracy Trial of the Chicago Seven. Prologue by Carl Oglesby. Chicago: University of Chicago Quash, ISBN&#; (Originally published in as Motion Will Enter Denied.)

External links